What is the importance of waste management? What sort of roles waste management can play for our life? These could be the top two questions that a self conscious fellow can ask for.
Well, in very short, I will say that waste management maintains our environment for a healthy living. In broader way, it can be said that waste management plays an important role to reduce global warming.
I came to know about an organisation named- Veolia Environmental Services, which is based in Australia. This organisation is a dedicated and foussed one to work in the direction of waste management positively. The organisation specialises in managing daily life general waste to industrial waste. In fact, it works in a wide area of waste management.
Veolia Environmental Services- is spread almost all over Australia. Services of this organisation is available in almost all the cities of Australia. If you find Sydney, neat and clean, with healthy environment to live or travel, this is because of the successful projects like Waste Management Sydney.
Over and all, Veolia Environmental Services in Australia is working towards maintaining a greener life, a healthy life. And in this way, the organisation is doing good not only to the people of Australia but to the whole world indirectly. More related information about Veolia Environmental Services can be found at their site.
Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Tuesday, February 17, 2009
Diamond is no-more Hardest Material of World
A material known as lonsdaleite has displaced diamond as the "world's hardest material".
Though diamond lost its title of the "world's hardest material" some time ago, to man-made nanomaterials of slightly greater toughness, now, a rare natural substance looks likely to leave them all far behind - at 58 percent harder than diamond.
Zicheng Pan at Shanghai Jiao Tong University and colleagues simulated how atoms in two substances believed to have promise as very hard materials would respond to the stress of a finely tipped probe pushing down on them.
The first, wurtzite boron nitride has a similar structure to diamond, but is made up of different atoms.
The second, the mineral lonsdaleite, or hexagonal diamond is made from carbon atoms just like diamond, but they are arranged in a different shape.
Only small amounts of wurtzite boron nitride and lonsdaleite exist naturally or have been made in the lab so until now no one had realised their superior strength.
The simulation showed that wurtzide boron nitride would withstand 18 percent more stress than diamond, and lonsdaleite 58 percent more.
If the results are confirmed with physical experiments, both materials would be far harder than any substance ever measured.
Rare mineral lonsdaleite is sometimes formed when meteorites containing graphite hit Earth, while wurtzite boron nitride is formed during volcanic eruptions that produce very high temperatures and pressures.
However, wurtzite boron nitride may turn out most useful of the two, because it is stable in oxygen at higher temperatures than diamond.
This makes it ideal to place on the tips of cutting and drilling tools operating at high temperatures, or as corrosion resistant films - on the surface of a space vehicle, for example.
Paradoxically, wurtzite boron nitride's hardness appears to come from the flexibility of the bonds between the atoms that make it up. When the material is stressed some bonds re-orientate themselves by about 90 degrees to relieve the tension.
Though diamond lost its title of the "world's hardest material" some time ago, to man-made nanomaterials of slightly greater toughness, now, a rare natural substance looks likely to leave them all far behind - at 58 percent harder than diamond.
Zicheng Pan at Shanghai Jiao Tong University and colleagues simulated how atoms in two substances believed to have promise as very hard materials would respond to the stress of a finely tipped probe pushing down on them.
The first, wurtzite boron nitride has a similar structure to diamond, but is made up of different atoms.
The second, the mineral lonsdaleite, or hexagonal diamond is made from carbon atoms just like diamond, but they are arranged in a different shape.
Only small amounts of wurtzite boron nitride and lonsdaleite exist naturally or have been made in the lab so until now no one had realised their superior strength.
The simulation showed that wurtzide boron nitride would withstand 18 percent more stress than diamond, and lonsdaleite 58 percent more.
If the results are confirmed with physical experiments, both materials would be far harder than any substance ever measured.
Rare mineral lonsdaleite is sometimes formed when meteorites containing graphite hit Earth, while wurtzite boron nitride is formed during volcanic eruptions that produce very high temperatures and pressures.
However, wurtzite boron nitride may turn out most useful of the two, because it is stable in oxygen at higher temperatures than diamond.
This makes it ideal to place on the tips of cutting and drilling tools operating at high temperatures, or as corrosion resistant films - on the surface of a space vehicle, for example.
Paradoxically, wurtzite boron nitride's hardness appears to come from the flexibility of the bonds between the atoms that make it up. When the material is stressed some bonds re-orientate themselves by about 90 degrees to relieve the tension.
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